World
Food Day 2016 has the global message: “Climate is changing. Food and
agriculture must too.” This echoes weather-related disasters hitting
vulnerable farmers, fishers and pastoralists in Africa.
According
to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, growing
food in a sustainable way means adopting practices that produce more with less
in the same area of land whilst using natural resources wisely.
It
also means reducing food losses before the final product or retail stage
through a number of initiatives including better harvesting, storage, packing,
transport, infrastructure, market mechanisms, as well as institutional and
legal frameworks.
Most
agricultural systems south of the Sahara are climate dependent, with more than
95 percent of farmed land growing crops from rain-fed agriculture. The African countries
are already suffering from food insecurity due to low productivity because of
degraded soils, droughts, floods and a lack of effective water management,
among other factors.
But
efforts are underway on the continent to encourage and upscale climate smart
agriculture.
Participants
from the recently-ended 2nd Africa Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)
Alliance Forum in Nairobi, Kenya, visited two farms that are using climate
smart agricultural techniques and are yielding positive results.
Albert
Waweru, a retiree from the police force, is an urban farmer from Kasalani
sub-county in Nairobi, whose farm employs climate smart measures and sees him
rewarded with a sustainable income from the proceeds of his 1.75 acre plot.
Waweru
practices zero-tillage mixed farming on his modest land upon which he has
vegetable greenhouses and livestock.
He
has invested in a rain water harvesting system and has a number of storage
tanks that have been installed underground in order to save on space.
“For
me to keep good animals I needed water 24hours so that my animals do not
starve… I needed to think smarter. I decided to do water harvesting; any drop
of rain that comes, I harvest,” he said.
Waweru’s
50 cows produce an impressive 290 litres of milk per day which he sells to
schools and hospitals. The milk sales have been very successful to the extent
that he is now unable to meet all the demands.
At
the back of his plot, Waweru makes manure from his animals’ dung and bio-waste
that is covered while being processed in order to reduce gas
emissions. This too is a lucrative business as he is never short of
customers for the manure.
The
other animals on his farm are goats and chickens which also add to his income.
Waweru informed the visitors that he would like to embark on biogas generation
that he also wishes to sell to his neighbours for their daily power needs.
“The
income sustains me and my family; nothing goes waste, whatever come I turn it
into money,” said the retired police officer.
Participants
from the Africa CSA Alliance Forum also visited a State farm on the outskirts
of Nairobi that hatches fingerlings for sale to fish farmers.
The
Samaki Tu farm, whose Swahili name means ‘Fish Only’ produces catfish and
tilapia fingerlings – the catfish hatcheries use artificial propagation in
greenhouses that are not climate dependent. Moreover, when temperatures rise,
the fish breed even faster.
Samaki
Tu farm is one of the Kenyan government initiatives set up to meet the high
demand for fish, most of which used to come from Lake Victoria which has been
overfished. With fish stocks around the world having gone down in the
last decade, aquaculture is the smart route to take.
In
Ghana, the Crops Research Institute (CRI) of the Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR) is implementing the Aquaponics-based Food System
(AFS), which combines crop production with fish, poultry and small ruminant
rearing.
The
researchers explain the emerging venture of producing worms for composting,
known as vermiculture, is a sound economic and environmental activity essential
to produce organic crops that help to mitigate the changing climate.
The
Africa Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance is spearheading implementation of the
African Union Vision to reach 25 million farm households practicing CSA by 2025
(Vision 25x25).
The
ability of farmers to apply new technologies and innovations is an important
determinant of CSA adoption, acknowledged Mrs Estherine
Fotabong, the NEPAD Agency’s Director of Programme.
“New technologies and innovations are costly and sometimes complicated to
apply; so farmers must either have the resources, receive subsidies or are
given incentives to adopt them. Availability of markets, especially for value
added products can spur investment in new CSA technologies and innovations and therefore promote
adoption,” she said.
The
2nd Africa CSA Alliance Forum commended the
AU’s NEPAD Agency and partners for commitment to the vision but emphasised the need
for a consolidated knowledge base on CSA technologies, practices, and
initiatives, whilst special attention is given to smallholder youth and women
farmers.
As
the historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change is set to enter into force, just
in time for the next climate change conference (COP22) in Marrakech, Morocco, the
FAO is calling on countries to address food and agriculture in their climate
action plans and invest more in rural development.
The
global goal for achieving Zero Hunger is 2030 – an ambitious goal and one that
cannot be reached without addressing climate change.
It
is therefore critical to expose many more farmers and others in the
agricultural value chain to walk the path of Albert Waweru in climate-smart
agricultural ventures.
“By
strengthening the resilience of smallholder farmers, we can guarantee food
security for the planet’s increasingly hungry global population and also reduce
emissions,” said the Organization is a statement to commemorate World Food Day
2016.
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